ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Prunus domestica L. endocarp extract: histopathological, biochemical, in-silico molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies

Anam Yasmeen, Muhammad Islam, Hamid Saeed, and Abrar Ahmed

Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

E-mail: anamyasmeen101@gmail.com

Received: 6 October 2025  Accepted: 9 January 2026

Abstract:

Traditionally people use the decoction of dried Prunes for treatment of Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of endocarp of Prunus domestica L. through both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. GC–MS analysis for identification of phytoconstituents followed by in-silico and ADME studies. The antidiabetic potential was assessed via α-amylase inhibitory assay and oral glucose tolerance test. For in vivo evaluation, diabetes was induced in mice using alloxan (125 mg/kg) and metformin was employed as the standard reference drug. Phytochemical quantification revealed significant levels of total phenolics (96.18 ± 2.08 mg/g GAE) and flavonoids (76.96 ± 0.71 mg/g QE). The extract demonstrated substantial α-amylase inhibition (84.71%) and exhibited 51.034% glycemic reduction in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In vivo, treatment with P. domestica endocarp extract resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose level; compared to untreated diabetic controls. Biochemical assessments indicated marked reductions in serum levels of urea, creatinine, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at a treatment dose of 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001), compared to diabetic control animals. Methanolic extract of Prunus domestica endocarp exhibited restoration of liver and pancreatic histology as compared to untreated diabetic controls that had been damage by Alloxan induce DM. Standardization of methanol extract of Prunus domestica endocarp via GC–MS analysis discovered potent phytoconstituents, a molecular docking and ADME studies reported that Coronarin E and 9-octadecenoic acid may be promising drug candidate on basis of theoretical knowledge which must be validated by using experimental studies.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Prunus domestica L.; Alloxan; Antidiabetic

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-04666-z

Chemical Papers 80 (4) 3989–4006 (2026)