ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of functionalized niobium nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (Nb-NTO) nanoparticles

Muhammad Awais Farooqi, Farzana Kausar, Sehui Kim, Sungmin Bae, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi, and Chul Ung Kang

Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Republic of Korea

E-mail: awais.farooqi@jejunu.ac.kr

Received: 15 May 2024  Accepted: 17 April 2025

Abstract:

The functionalization of doped niobium (Nb) and nitrogen (N) titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Nb-NTO NPs), followed by bioactive extracts inherited by Mucuna pruriens beans methanolic extracts and ethanolic extracts of Mentha arvensis, offers fostering a synergistic enhancement of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential. This study evaluates the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities of those functionalized Nb-NTO NPs (F-Nb-NTO) compared to pure doped Nb-NTO NPs. These F-Nb-NTO underwent characterization through XRD, TEM, SEM, and EDS analysis. The antibacterial activities were evaluated by inactivating Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli based on agar plates showed a zone of inhibition (ZOI), with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values recorded at 50 μg/mL for different bacterial strains. Escherichia coli showed higher susceptibility, with a MIC value of 50 μg/mL, while Bacillus subtilis was less susceptible. Subsequently, their anti-inflammatory demonstrated that F-Nb-NTO alleviated anti-inflammatory activity lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse RAW264.7 cell line. In vitro analysis showed that functionalized Nb-NTO significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production compared to pure Nb-NTO NPs. The results demonstrated that F-Nb-NTO NPs exhibit significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties compared to pure Nb-NTO NPs. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential of doped Nb-NTO NPs functionalized by M. pruriens and M. arvensis extracts for biomedical applications, particularly in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatments.

Keywords: Biomedical Materials; Boron Nitride; Metal Oxides; Nanomaterial; Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology; Nanoparticles; Nb-NTO; Mucuna pruriens; Mentha arvensis; Antibacterial; Activity; Anti-inflammatory activity

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04071-y

Chemical Papers 79 (7) 4487–4506 (2025)