ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Differential pulse voltammetric determination of Ornidazole at pencil graphite electrode: A cost-effective and reliable approach

Serkan Karakaya

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

E-mail: skarakaya@comu.edu.tr

Received: 2 January 2026  Accepted: 10 March 2026

Abstract:

Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has emerged as a promising and cost-effective material for various electrochemical applications. In this study, a simple, economical, and highly efficient electrochemical sensing platform for Ornidazole (ORDZ) was developed using PGE without any additional modification or pretreatment steps. The electrochemical behavior of ORDZ was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at different bare electrodes, including screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), carbon paste electrode (CPE), and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Voltammetric results revealed that PGE exhibits a superior electrochemical response toward ORDZ reduction compared to the other electrodes. DPV measurements further demonstrated that the PGE-based sensing platform provides a low detection limit (DL: 0.075 μM), a wide dynamic range (0.20–100 μM), and high sensitivity (15,535 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) for ORDZ determination. The proposed sensor also shows excellent selectivity against common interferences (Change in response < 5.0%) and high applicability for the analysis of ORDZ in pharmaceutical tablet sample (found value: 501 mg ORDZ compared with declared dosage of 500 mg) and artificial blood sample (recovery range: 98.6–100.8% ORDZ) with satisfactory accuracy and precision (RSD < 2.0%). The developed method was successfully validated against an ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopic method, showing good agreement with the reference technique.

Keywords: Ornidazole; Antibiotic drug; Pencil graphite electrode; Voltammetry; Electrochemical sensor

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-04799-1

Chemical Papers 80 (6) 6801–6814 (2026)