ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Comprehensive insights into the bio-ultrasonic dynamics of binary and ternary mixture compositions—a review

Dhanalakshmi Karuppaiyan and Manikandan Murugesan

Department of Physics, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur, India

E-mail: dhanamsrcphysics@gmail.com

Received: 31 December 2025  Accepted: 13 February 2026

Abstract:

The complexity of peptide interactions poses challenges in standardizing their applications across different fields, and postulate further research to optimize peptide mixtures for specific therapeutic uses. Ultrasonic and biological studies qualify a comprehensive understanding of peptide mixtures; the quality of peptide interactions may also pose challenges in standardizing their applications across different fields. Further research is needed to optimize these mixtures for peculiar therapeutic uses. This review paper investigates the application of ultrasonic wave transmission to examine molecular interactions in binary and ternary mixtures. By integrating ultrasonic velocity measurements with density and viscosity data, the study calculates thermodynamic parameters to explicate molecular interactions and structural effects. The research examines non-aqueous solvent interactions with solutes, the behavior of mixture types, and peptide bond structures influence in biological applications, emphasizing the role of intermolecular forces, such as dipole interactions, in peptide dissolution. Additionally, it explores sound wave propagation, adiabatic compressibility, and the importance of ultrasonic velocity and acoustic impedance in physicochemical behavior analysis. By combining in-vitro and in-silico studies, the research offers a thorough comprehension of molecular interactions in peptide-containing mixtures. Highlighting extensive applications in understanding protein structures and developing peptide-based therapeutics, the paper underscores the potential for advanced analysis techniques to enhance the understanding of peptide samples and lead to new discoveries and therapeutic interventions.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: Ultrasonic velocity; Thermodynamic; Acoustical; Intermolecular interactions; Biological study

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-04740-6

Chemical Papers 80 (6) 5933–5940 (2026)