ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Cross-linker strategies for high-performance AEMs: balancing conductivity, stability, and fuel cell efficiency

Yuanyuan Zhou, Shaohua Yang, and Shuaibo Zhao

North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China

E-mail: zhouyuanyuan@ncwu.edu.cn

Received: 1 December 2025  Accepted: 21 January 2026

Abstract:

The integration of crosslinking strategies represents a pivotal approach for enhancing the performance of alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEMs), targeting the fundamental trade-offs among ionic conductivity, mechanical robustness, and dimensional stability. This review systematically examines and critically evaluates the structure–property relationships imparted by various crosslinking methodologies in organic polymer-based AEMs. Hydrophilic group-free crosslinkers enhance mechanical strength and dimensional stability but generally reduce ductility. Ether-containing variants promote microphase separation, improving both ionic conductivity and mechanical toughness, though often with increased water uptake. Cation-functionalized crosslinkers simultaneously contribute to dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and ion transport. Graphene oxide derivatives show promise as multifunctional crosslinkers, though require surface modification to ensure dispersion compatibility. Alkaline stability assessments reveal that while ether-based crosslinkers remain susceptible to degradation, other types demonstrate robust resilience. AEMs with balanced mechanical and ionic properties directly enable higher power densities in alkaline membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Future developments should focus on advanced crosslinker design (e.g., dynamic covalent and in-situ systems), long-term operational durability under realistic conditions, and integrated electrode-catalyst-membrane engineering to advance AEMFC commercialization.

Keywords: Alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM); Cross-linker; Alkaline stability; Power density; Fuel cells

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-04695-8

Chemical Papers 80 (5) 4619–4634 (2026)