ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Hydrothermal fabrication of CuSm₂O₄/PANI nanohybrid electrodes for supercapacitor applications

Muhammad Younis, Haifa A. Alyousef, Albandari W. Alrowaily, B. M. Alotaibi, Eman Alzahrani, Hala M. Abo-Dief, Abhinav Kumar, and Rizwan Ul Hassan

Institute of Physics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

E-mail: younis88279@gmail.com

Received: 14 January 2026  Accepted: 13 May 2026

Abstract:

Researchers are continuously seeking more rapid and effective energy storing methods to resolve the rapid increase in the energy crisis. Supercapacitors and other energy-storing technologies are currently in considerable demand to meet these energy concerns. Recently, spinel materials have drawn growing interest as promising substrates for electrochemical energy storage. In this work, CuSm₂O₄/PANI nanocomposite for supercapacitors was fabricated using the hydrothermal process. Several analytical techniques have been used to thoroughly evaluate the physical structure and electrochemical activity of the nanocomposite. The CuSm₂O₄/PANI nanocomposite demonstrated exceptional stability and capacitive performance, and the electrode manifested specific capacitance (C_s) of 1359.36 F/g at 1 A/g. Additionally, CuSm₂O₄/PANI nanocomposite showed coulombic efficiency of 85.43%, power density of 295 W/kg, and possessed energy density of 64.83 Wh/kg at 1 A/g. CuSm₂O₄/PANI has better electrochemical efficiency than CuSm₂O₄ due to its favorable expanded surface area, decreased resistance, and quicker electrolyte ion diffusion. Therefore, CuSm₂O₄/PANI is a suitable electrode substrate for supercapacitor applications and alternative energy storage technologies.

Keywords: CuSm2O4/PANI; Polyaniline; Composites; Supercapacitor; Electrode materials; Hydrothermal method

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-05060-5

Chemical Papers 80 (9) 11023–11034 (2026)