ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Investigation on reaction rate and kinetic modeling of heterogeneous hydroformylation of vinyl acetate over RhCl(TPPTS)₃ encapsulated HMS catalyst

N. Sudheesh and Ram S. Shukla

Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, New Delhi), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India

E-mail: sudhinarayanan@gmail.com

Received: 23 February 2025  Accepted: 9 December 2025

Abstract:

The RhCl(TPPTS)₃ complex encapsulated in hexagonal mesoporous silica, was investigated for the kinetic studies for hydroformylation of vinyl acetate using syn gas (CO + H₂) in a high-pressure reactor. The kinetic performance of the catalyst was evaluated for vinyl ester substrates. Among these, vinyl acetate showed the highest rate for its hydroformylation. The detailed investigation was performed for vinyl acetate as a function of stirring speed, amount of the catalyst, amount of vinyl acetate, partial pressures of CO and H₂ and temperature. All these parameters had significant effect on the rate of hydroformylation. Vinyl acetate showed a positive dependence and tends to saturate at higher concentration. Partial pressure of H₂ and amount of the catalyst showed a linear dependence on the rate. Partial pressure of CO had shown an initial increase and then substrate inhibition kinetics. A plausible mechanism for hydroformylation of vinyl acetate was suggested. Based on the mechanism, a kinetic model was derived to compare the experimental rates. Best fit with an r² value of > 0.95 was obtained and the values for the rate constant and equilibrium constants were determined.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: Heterogeneous catalyst; Hydroformylation; Kinetics; Vinyl acetate; Mesoporous silica

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04593-5

Chemical Papers 80 (5) 4881–4892 (2026)