ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, and antioxidative response of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) utilizing Mangifera indica pulp extract

Aniqa, Rabiah Bashir, Nida Bashir, Imran Shakir, Necmi Dege, Muhammad Latif, and Zarrin Fatima Rizvi

Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan

E-mail: aniqabashir765@gmail.com

Received: 20 February 2026  Accepted: 26 April 2026

Abstract:

In this study, Mangifera indica (Dusehri mangos) pulp at different ripening stages (RS I–V) was used to synthesize Ag NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the Ag NPs. Additionally, assays for antioxidative potential and phenolic- and flavonoid-like characteristics were performed. UV-visible spectrophotometry analysis revealed absorption peaks in the 390–420 nm range. The XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the green-synthesized Ag NPs with a size range of 3.54–8.02 nm. The attachment of functional groups to the Ag NPs was verified using FTIR spectroscopy. SEM confirmed the morphology of the Ag NPs, which were spherical and clustered spherically. The total antioxidant capacity by DPPH assay was summed up to be 50.33% by RSI extract and 41.07% for RSV extracts. The maximum total antioxidant capacity was observed to be 76.08 µg AAE/mg by RSIV extract, while the maximum total reduction potential was 32.2 µg AAE/mg by RSIII and RSIV synthesized Ag NPs. RSII-derived Ag NPs had 96.99 µgGAE/mg phenol-like properties, whereas RSIII-derived NPs showed a maximum 19.59 µgQE/mg flavonoid-like property. This study showed that mango pulp at different ripening stages produces Ag NPs with different characteristics that can be used for environmental and biomedical applications.

Keywords: Silver nanoparticles; Green synthesis; Biomolecules; Free radical scavenging; Characterization

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-04965-5

Chemical Papers 80 (8) 9497–9506 (2026)