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Model 1

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Table 1. Change of reactant concentrations during esterification reaction

t/min	0	5	10	30	60	240
cAA*/(mol dm–3)	2.01	1.56	1.00	0.65	0.52	0.49
cP/(mol dm–3)	5.00	4.60	3.89	3.60	3.45	3.46

*Not measured values but obtained from the material balance.

cAA – concentration of acetic acid, cP – concentration of propanol.

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Fig. 1. Reactions of 2H-5-amino-6-cyano-3,7-dioxothiazolo[2,3-b]pyrimidine (I).

Table 2. Characterization data of newly prepared compounds

Compound	Formula	Mr	wi(calc.)/% wi(found)/%	Yield	M.p.
C	H	N	S	%	°C
IV	C9H4N5O2SCl3	352.58	30.65 30.58	1.14 1.09	19.86 19.78	9.09 9.01	81	163
V	C21H14N6O2S2	446.51	56.48 56.41	3.16 3.11	18.82 18.76	14.36 14.28	86	184

Table 3. Spectral data of newly prepared compounds

Compound	Spectral data
IV	IR, /cm–1: 712 (C—Cl), 1680 (CO), 3250 (NH2) 1H NMR (DMSO-d6), : 3.39 (dd, 2H, J3,4 = 6.4 Hz, J4,5 = 7.9 Hz, CH2), 5.7 (brs, 2H, NH2) D2O exchangeable 13C NMR (DMSO-d6), : 28.3 (CH2), 129.4 (C), 131.1 (C), 164.2 (CO) MS, m/z (Ir/%): 352 (19.8) (M+)
IV	IR, /cm–1: 1170 (C==S), 1600 (C==N), 1655 (Ph), 1676 (CO), 3348 (NH) 1H NMR (DMSO-d6), : 4.85 (s, 1H, thiazole ring), 7.40–8.12 (m, 10H, 2Ph) 13C NMR (DMSO-d6), : 29.3 (CH), 128.5(C), 183.2 (CS) MS, m/z (Ir/%): 446 (56.6) (M+)

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Fig. 2. Substrate consumption at 20 °C (line 1), 30 °C (line 2), and 35 °C (line 3).

a	b

Fig. 3. Simulated liquid phase compositions (mole fractions of methanol () and pyridine ()) within the batch distillation column at the beginning, t = 0 h (a), and end of the mixture separation, t = 5 h (b).

Fig. 4. Variation of the dimensionless mixing time with the modified Reynolds number using pitched blade turbine.

Conclusions

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heat transfer coefficient	W m–2 K–1

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C	carbon

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References

This section contains cited literature found in the main text arranged in alphabetic order regarding the first author’s surname. The form of cited articles, books, presentations at conferences, patents, monographs, etc. should comply with the APA citation style (http://apastyle.apa.org/). An inseparable part of cited literature is the respective Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number, if available. Although DOI numbers appeared in printed or electronic versions of articles only after the year 2000, most major publishers assigned DOI numbers backwards since the first journal volume. (See the reference below to the paper of Greene (1879).) These DOI numbers can be found in the tables of contents on journal webpages.

Amato, I. (2007). Experiments of concern. Well-intentioned research, in the wrong hands, can become dangerous. Chemical & Engineering News, 85(31), 51–55.

Amazing Amazon region. (1989, January 12). New York Times, p. D11.

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new Encyclopedae Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501–508). Chicago, IL, USA: Encyclopedae Britannica.

Cudak, M., & Karcz, J. (2006). Momentum transfer in an agitated vessel with off-centred impellers. Chemical Papers, 60, 375–380. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-006-0068-y.

Greene, W. H. (1879). XLI. – On the preparation of methylene chloride, and dioxymethyl-ethylene, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1, 522–524. DOI: 10.1021/ja02152a003.

Grznárova, G. (2004). Transport phenomena in chromatographic bioseparations. Ph.D. thesis, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava.

Guiochon, G., Shirazi, S. G., & Katti, A. M. (1994). Fundamentals of preparative and nonlinear chromatography. Boston, MA, USA: Academic Press.

Hammond, T. (2000, November 20). YAHC: Handle Parameters, DOI Genres, etc. Message posted to Ref-Links electronic mailing list, archived at http://www.doi.org/mail-archive/ref-link/msg00088.html

Johnson, A. (2000). Abstract computing machines. Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. Retrieved March 30, 2006, from http://springerlink.com/content/w25154. DOI: 10.1007/b138965.

Liffers, M. (2006, August 30). Finding information in the library. Lecture notes distributed in the unit Functional Anatomy and Sports Performance 1102, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.

Ludwig, T. (2002). PsychInquiry [computer software]. New York, NY, USA: Worth.

Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy. (1997). The national drug strategy: Mapping the future. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Onderková, Z., Bryjak, J., Vaňková, K., & Polakovič, M. (2007). Thermal stability of fructosyltransferase. In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference of Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, May 21–25, 2007 (Po-Tu-4, 116p.pdf, pp. 1–11). Tatranské Matliare: Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering.

Osgood, D. W., & Wilson, J. K. (1990). Covariation of adolescent health problems. Lincoln: University of Nebraska. (NTIS No. PB 91-154 377/AS).

Poulsen, P. B., & Buchholz, K. (2003). History of enzymology with emphasis on food production. In J. R. Whitacker, A. G. Voragen, & D. W. S. Wong (Eds.), Handbook of food enzymology (pp. 11–20). New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker.

Sangeetha, P. T., Ramesh, M. N., & Prapulla, S. G. (2004). Production of fructo-oligosaccharides by fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus oryzea CFR 202 and Aureobasidium pullulans CFR 77. Process Biochemistry, 39, 755–760. DOI: 10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00186-9.

Sangeetha, P. T., Ramesh, M. N., & Prapulla, S. G. (2005a). Recent trends in the microbial production, analysis and application of fructooligosaccharides. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 16, 442–457. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.05.003.

Sangeetha, P. T., Ramesh, M. N., & Prapulla, S. G. (2005b). Maximization of fructooligosaccharide production by two stage continuous process and its scale up. Journal of Food Engineering, 68, 57–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.05.022.

Sangeetha, P. T., Ramesh, M. N., & Prapulla, S. G. (2005c). Fructooligosaccharide production using fructosyl transferase obtained from recycling culture of Aspergillus oryzae CFR 202. Process Biochemistry, 40, 1085–1088. DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.03.009.

Smith, I. M. (1988). U.S. Patent No. 123,445. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

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Stryer, L. (1988). Biochemistry (3rd ed.). New York, NY, USA: W. H. Freeman.